Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Los Comentarios sobre la guerra de las Galias (en latín, Commentarii de bello Gallico o, abreviadamente, De bello Gallico) es una obra de Julio César redactada en tercera persona. Still, Pollio attributed this to mistakes by Caesar's lieutenants, or even that Caesar intended to rewrite the text more accurately. Od. Full search The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text. This work is licensed under a Your current position in the text is marked in blue. [7], This book is often lauded for its polished, clear Latin; in particular, German historian Hans Herzfeld describes the work as "a paradigm of proper reporting and stylistic clarity". as well as the Belgians (Towle & Jenks); ‘also,’ always follows the emphatic word, ‘because they (just as the Belgians) dwell near the Germans.’ (Harper & Tolman) ( AG 322 ) In the first two books of De Bello Gallico, there are seven examples of hostage exchanges. Caesar highlights the sacrificial practices of the Druids containing innocent people and the large sacrificial ceremony where hundreds of people were burnt alive at one time to protect the whole from famine, plague, and war (DBG 6.16). But after World War II historians began to question if Caesar's claims stood up. However, as seen by Caesar, sometimes it was only a one-way exchange, with Caesar taking hostages but not giving any. GALLIA est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. But Henige still believes this number inaccurate. The oldest manuscript in this class is MS. Amsterdam 73, written at Fleury Abbey in the later ninth century. McDevitte and W.S. Caesaris Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Lingua Latina) (Latin Edition) (Latin) First Edition by Caesar (Author), Hans H. Ørberg (Editor) 4.5 out of 5 stars 10 ratings Buy De Bello Gallico: Parallel Text English - Latin by Caesar, Gaius Julius (ISBN: 9781453848999) from Amazon's Book Store. Diviciacus had, in tears, begged Caesar to spare the life of his brother, and Caesar saw an opportunity to not only fix his major problem with Dumnorix, but also to strengthen the relationship between Rome and one of its small allies. He depicts the Germans as primitive hunter gatherers with diets mostly consisting of meat and dairy products who only celebrate earthly gods such as the sun, fire, and the moon (6.21–22). Historian David Henige regards the entire account as clever propaganda meant to boost Caesar's image, and suggests that it is of minimal historical accuracy. De Bello Gallico in Latin by Julius Caesar. In chapter 13 he mentions the importance of Druids in the culture and social structure of Gaul at the time of his conquest. line to jump to another position: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License, http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.perseus-lat1:1.1.1, http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.perseus-lat1, http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001, http://data.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.perseus-lat1. [5] Caesar based some of his account after that of Posidonius, who wrote a clear and well-known account of the Druids in Gaul. Also in chapter 13, he mentions that the Druids studied "the stars and their movements, the size of the cosmos and the earth, the nature of the world, and the powers of immortal deities," signifying to the Roman people that the druids were also versed in astrology, cosmology, and theology. Thus, Caesar turns a military blunder into a positive propaganda story. In the Commentarii de Bello Gallico, Caesar mentions several leaders of the Gallic tribes. When it was clear that Caesar had defeated the Gallic rebellion, Vercingetorix offered to sacrifice himself, and put himself at the mercy of Caesar, in order to ensure that his kinsmen were spared. The extensive grammatical notes give considerable help to the student. Authors in the 19th century guessed in the 15-20 million range based on the text. Today the term hostage has a different connotation than it did for the Ancient Romans, which is shown in the examples above. [16] Book eight was written after Caesar's death in 44 BC by consul Aulus Hirtius; Hirtius must have written the book before his death in civil war in 43 BC. Concurrently, "Gaul" was also used in common parlance as a synonym for "uncouth" or "unsophisticated" as Romans saw Celtic peoples as uncivilized compared with themselves. Lot was one of the first modern authors who directly questioned the validity of Caesar's numbers, finding a fighting force of 430,000 to have been unbelievable for the time. As the Roman Republic made inroads deeper into Celtic territory and conquered more land, the definition of "Gaul" shifted. Caesar: De Bello Gallico – Kapitel 54 – Übersetzung HINWEIS : Alle Übersetzungen, die auf Lateinheft.de veröffentlicht wurden dürfen nicht als die eigenen ausgeben werden. qua de causa: ‘For this reason’ (Kelsey); ‘and for this reason’: referring back to proximi, etc., and further explained by quod…contendunt ( AG 404c) quoque: i.e. De Bello Gallico in the original Latin. However, scholars are still uncertain about what they would offer. During the fighting, they both find themselves in difficult positions and are forced to save each other, first Vorenus saving Pullo and then Pullo saving Vorenus. [7][8] It is commonly noted that Caesar never mentions penalties being dealt to hostages. e Typographeo Clarendoniano. The Commentaries were an effort by Caesar to directly communicate with the plebeians – thereby circumventing the usual channels of communication that passed through the Senate – to propagandize his activities as efforts to increase the glory and influence of Rome. Gaius Julius Caesar Commentaries on the Gallic War translated by W.A. Breindal also considers the main point of the work to be as a propaganda piece to protect Caesars reputation in the vicious politics of Rome. It contains many details and employs many stylistic devices to promote Caesar's political interests.[10]. His fear of Ariovistus and the general outcry from the Gallic people led Caesar to launch a campaign against the Germans, even though they had been considered friends of the Republic. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1869. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge, M. Grant Daniell, Commentary on Caesar's Gallic War, AG BG 3.23 Cross-references to this page (11): Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges, SYNTAX OF , The victories in Gaul won by Caesar had increased the alarm and hostility of his enemies at Rome, and his aristocratic enemies, the boni, were spreading rumors about his intentions once he returned from Gaul. Od. In today's chapter we will listen to, and read from, a passage from Julius Caesar's book De Bello Gallico where he describes the brave men Titus Pullo and Lucius Vorenus. During World War I the French composer Vincent d'Indy wrote his Third Symphony, which bears the title De Bello Gallico. Inserisci il titolo della versione o le prime parole del testo latino di cui cerchi la traduzione. This school edition gives the Latin text of Book II of Julius Caesar's De Bello Gallico, with an Introduction givingbackground information on Gaul, the military situation, the Roman army, the author and his book. The Germans have no neighbors, because they have driven everyone out from their surrounding territory (civitatibus maxima laus est quam latissime circum se vastatis finibus solitudines habere, 6.23). changes, storing new additions in a versioning system. The phrase, Sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset, neque diiudicari posset, uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur, is used to emphasize that though they started out in competition, they both showed themselves to be worthy of the highest praise and equal to each other in bravery (DBG 5.44). Ernest Desjardins, writing in 1876, suggested (in what Henige considers to be very charitable on Desjardins part) that the error in numbers in the Usipetes campaign was the result of a mis-transcription of "CCCCXXX" instead of "XXXXIII", which would mean that the real size of the Gualic force was actually just 43,000. [8] Some sources say there is not much evidence that hostages were even harmed, at least severely, in retribution of the broken agreements. Commentāriī dē Bellō Gallicō (English: Commentaries on the Gallic War), also Bellum Gallicum (English: Gallic War), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. Your current position in the text is marked in blue. He wrote Commentaries (seven volumes), De De Bello Gallico (of its campaign against France and England), and De De Bello Civili (on the civil war between him and Pompeii). [5] Caesar provides his account of the Druids as a means of sharing his knowledge and educating the Roman people on the foreign conquests. The boni intended to prosecute Caesar for abuse of his authority upon his return, when he would lay down his imperium. Lucius Vorenus and Titus Pullo were two centurions in the garrison of Quintus Tullius Cicero, brother of Marcus Tullius Cicero, and are mentioned in Book 5.44 of De Bello Gallico. Historians have questioned the outlandish claims made in the text is marked blue. 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