According to in vi-tro studies, a spontaneous condensation between beta-lamic acid and amines or amino acids has been postu-lated [48]. 41] or with respect to biosynthesis (Fig.1) [42–56]. Carminic acid sc-214669 Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW Flammability: 1 Toxicity: 0 Body Contact: 0 Reactivity: 1 Chronic: 2 High=3 Extreme=4 NAME CAS RN % carminic acid 1260-17-9 >98 Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES SWALLOWED! Carminic acid, the well-known red dyestuff from cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp. Cochineal is a red dye called carmine (E 120) or carminic acid that is obtained from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus Costa insects) 1).Cochineal extract [carmine (E 120) or carminic acid] is used directly in food and is also processed further to carmines. Re-evaluation of cochineal, carminic acid, carmines (E 120) as a food additive EFSA Journal 2015;13(11):4288 3 3. Carminic acid biosynthesis. A method for the preparation of carminic acid lakes, novel carminic acid lake compositions and their uses in foods, such as yogurt, fruit preparations, beverages, other miscellaneous food products that may need a stable red color, and in cosmetics. Carminic acid, the well-known red dyestuff from cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp. N2 - The chemical composition of the scale insect Dactylopius coccus was analyzed with the aim to discover newpossible intermediates in the biosynthesis of carminic acid. Proposed biosynthetic pathway for formation of carminic acid and the Hazards Identification Emergency Overview-----As part of good industrial and personal hygiene and safety procedure, avoid all unnecessary exposure to the chemical substance and ensure prompt removal from skin, eyes and clothing. PubMed:Sustained food vacuole formation by axenic Paramecium tetraurelia and the inhibition of membrane recycling by Alcian Blue. Formation of flavokermesic acid anthrone can theoretically be achieved via either a one-step (left) or two-step (right) process. This deterrency may be indicative of the natural function of the compound, which may have evolved in cochineals as a chemical weapon against predation. Synthesis of alkyl 6-deoxykermesates, 6-deoxykermesic acid and carminic acid involving reaction of a 2-halogenonaphthazarin with a bis-trimethylsilyl-diene. The essential constituent of carmine. Carnitine biosynthesis Many eukaryotes have the ability to synthesize carnitine, including humans. Carminic acid, a glucosylated anthraquinone found in scale insects like Dactylopius coccus, has since ancient times been used as a red colorant in various applications. PubMed:Subcellular localization and antiviral activity of carminic acid/poly r(A-U) combinations. The Biosynthesis of Carminic Acid for Environmentally Friendy Paint Cochineal or carminic acid has been used as a pigment since the time of the Aztec and Mayans. Humans synthesize carnitine from the substrate TML (6- N -trimethyllysine), which is in turn derived from the methylation of the amino acid lysine. Frandsen5 & Birger Lindberg Møller 1 The only successful heterologous expression was achieved in Aspergillus nidulans. Here we show that a membrane-bound C-glucosyltransferase, isolated from D. coccus and designated DcUGT2, catalyzes the glucosylation of flavokermesic acid and kermesic acid into their respective C-glucosides dcII and carminic acid. Description: The Cochineal is an insect. Proposed biosynthetic pathway for formation of carminic acid and the required enzymatic steps. Carminic Production The pathway of the biosynthesis from malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA to CA (carminic acid) comprises at least four enzymatic reactions—octaketide synthase, ZhuI or ZhuJ, Monooxygenase, and DcUGT2. Carmine extracted from cochineal insects is one of the most used natural colorings for beverages and other foods. block for the construction of a microbial carminic acid cell factory was lack of a natural PKS that synthesizes ˜avokermesic acid anthrone, the ˛rst putative intermediate in the pathway. An aluminum salt of carminic acid is the coloring agent in carmine, a pigment.Natives of Peru had been producing cochineal dyes for textiles since at least 700 CE. Frandsen a,* The Biosynthetic Pathway Engineering research group is committed to further our understanding of biosynthetic pathways, and to utilize this knowledge to implement natural biosynthetic pathways and for the design of artificial (synthetic) pathways for the production of small molecules. The biosynthesis pathway of carminid acid The synthetic pathway of carminic acid, however, is still not revealed in standard production host like E. coli or S. cerevisiae. This step in fatty acid biosynthesis occurs because ATP citrate lyase is the link between the metabolism of carbohydrates (which causes energy) and the production of fatty acids. Its active ingredient is carminic acid (7-β-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid). The detailed biosynthesis pathways (and their metabolic regulation and controls) used by those microorganisms have been elucidated for several (pro)vitamins, biopig- The chemical composition of the scale insect Dactylopius coccus was analyzed with the aim to discover new possible intermediates in the biosynthesis of carminic acid. T D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 1 On the biosynthetic origin of carminic acid 2 3 Silas A. Rasmussen a, Kenneth T. Kongstad b, Paiman Khorsand-Jamal b,c, Rubini Maya Kannangara c,d, Majse 4 Nafisi c,d, Alex Van Dam a,e, Mads Bennedsen c, Bjørn Madsen c, Finn Okkels c,f, Charlotte H. Gotfredsen g, 5 Dan Staerk b, Ulf Thrane a, Uffe H. Mortensen , Thomas O. Larsen a,* and Rasmus J.N. Despite being used since ancient times, longstanding efforts to elucidate its route of biosynthesis … The first synthesis of carminic acid (7β- D -glucopyranosyl-1-methyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid), was accomplished by direct C -glucosylation of ethyl 3,5,8,9,10-pentamethoxy-1-methylanthracene-2-carboxylate, here synthesized, which affords ethyl 7- (2,3,4,6-tetra- O -benzyl-β- D -glucopyranosyl)-3,5,8,9,10-pentamethoxy-1-methylanthracene-2-carboxylate … Re-cent investigations have focused on the last step in the biosynthesis of betaxanthins, which is either sponta-neously or enzymatically catalyzed. Particulate-phase carminic acid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). The UV-Vis absorption and conductivity properties of the organic sample cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) were modified by using it as a reducing agent in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Carminic acid, a naturally occurring red pigment extracted from the cochineal insect, contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. ), is a potent feeding deterrent to ants. Thanks to our expertise in gene sequencing we have now narrowed the candidates down to approximately 50 genes,” he elaborates. This creates a very bright red dye that can be altered with the use of borax or other solutions. Frandsen. Group leader: Rasmus J.N. ), is a potent feeding deterrent to ants. The insects are harvested, sun-dried and crushed. Carminic acid is an antioxidant to protect erythrocytes and DNA against radical-induced oxidation, it also has antitumor activity. This was done in a straightforward way in order to allow its possible application in organic devices. Carminic acid (C 22 H 20 O 13) is a red glucosidal hydroxyanthrapurin that occurs naturally in some scale insects, such as the cochineal, Armenian cochineal, and Polish cochineal.The insects produce the acid as a deterrent to predators. First aid is not generally required. PubMed:Genotoxicity studies in vitro and in vivo on carminic acid … Carmine is made by crushing the female cochineal insect. PubMed:Genotoxicity studies in vitro and in vivo on carminic acid (natural red 4). Carminic acid is a C‐glucosylated octaketide anthraquinone and the main constituent of the natural dye carmine (E120), possessing unique coloring, stability, and solubility properties. A pH indicator. What is cochineal. ARTICLE Characterization of a membrane-bound C-glucosyltransferase responsible for carminic acid biosynthesis in Dactylopius coccus Costa Rubini Kannangara1,2, Lina Siukstaite1, Jonas Borch-Jensen3, Bjørn Madsen2, Kenneth T. Kongstad 4, Dan Staerk 4, Mads Bennedsen2, Finn T. Okkels2,6, Silas A. Rasmussen5, Thomas O. Larsen5, Rasmus J.N. However, both the ionisation properties of carminic acid Assuming that there is only one acidic hydrogen per … PubMed:Bio-metabolism of green S and indigo carmine through caecal microflora of rats. Immediately give a glass of water. With synthetic biology we are able to produce complex molecules from one organism and recreate PubMed:Simultaneous determination of carminic acid, riboflavine, curcumin and erythrosine by derivative spectrophotometry and ratio spectra derivative. It is 53.66% C and 4.09% H by mass. They are then put into an acidic solution that produces carminic acid. This work describes a rapid HPLC determination of carminic acid and compares diode array and fluorescence detections for quantification. Even though carminic acid (C-glucosylated anthraquinone) was produced in Nicotiana plants by combining an octaketide synthase gene from Aloe arborescens, two cyclases from Streptomyces, and a glycosyltransferase from an insect 42, direct evidence of anthraquinone biosynthesis using plant CHS enzymes has not been established so far. Cochineal or carmine or carminic acid on a food label refers to a natural bright red food dye with an E number of 120. No studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of cochineal extract, carminic acid or carmines were available for this evaluation. ATP citrate lyase: ATP citrate lyase is an enzyme that represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. However small the insect is (1/8″) it has 18,000 genes, and we reckon that 5-10 of those are responsible for the production of carminic acid. “We are applying several different scientific strategies. A titration required 18.02 mL of 0.0406 M NaOH to neutralize 0.3602 g carminic acid. It is still used today to dye our food, clothing, and as a pigmnet for paints. Additives with E numbers between 100 and 199 are generally used as food dyes. Carminic Acid 1260-17-9 90 - 100% No 3. Carminic acid is aglucosidal coloring matter. The Hazard fields include special hazard alerts air and water reactions, fire hazards, health hazards, a reactivity profile, and details about reactive groups assignments and potentially incompatible absorbents.The information in CAMEO Chemicals comes from a variety of data sources. It was commonly used as a dye in the first half of the nineteenth century. To bypass this limitation, we pursued Figure 1. Carminic acid contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC); its UV absorption maxima is approximately 500 nm in water(4) and primary aliphatic alcohols(5). Carminic acid biosynthesis. 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