Scipio took up … Scipio had decided to launch an offensive, and one of the Punic field armies offered an obvious target for this. All in all, New Carthage was an attractive target, one whose capture would strike a massive moral blow to the enemy as well as weakening his war-making capacity whilst greatly enhancing that of the Romans. Hannibal replied, ‘Alexander…because with a small force he routed armies of countless numbers, and because he traversed the remotest lands….’ Asked whom he placed second, Hannibal said: ‘Pyrrhus. When the elder Scipio recovered from his wound he went as a proconsul to join his brother Cnaeus in Spain. On one occasion one of the centurions is supposed to have been publicly beaten to maintain the subterfuge. The author is an authority on Hannibal having visited various battlefields/ sites associated with the campaign’s of Hannibal as well as having investigated a number of Alpine passes to determine the exact route taken by Hannibal to cross into Italy. The historian lived in the household of Africanus’ grandson by adoption, Scipio Aemilianus, and so had access to family traditions and lore. It is not known at what point Scipio revealed their objective to his senior officers.12, New Carthage lay on a headland with the lake to the north and the bay which formed its natural harbour to the south. Scipio had been supervising the battle from an elevated position in front of his camp on the high ground. Numquam se minus otiosum esse, quam cum otiosus; nec minus solum, quam cum solus esset, Epitaph ordered by Scipio to be placed upon his tomb in Campania, as reported in. The Roman method differed only in the respect that the troops were formed into three columns, one corresponding to each of the three lines in thetriplex acies. It was now late in the day and the tide in the lagoon was beginning to drop. The Punic camp was on high ground and, fairly late in the day, the Carthaginians marched to the edge of the plain below before forming their line. The reports were encouraging. Permalink. In practical terms Scipio gained considerable military resources, ranging from artillery to another eighteen warships to add to the fleet, their crews made up of captured slaves who were promised their freedom if they served faithfully. As a leader, and a leader who had promised great rewards to the brave, he acted as a witness to his men’s behaviour. He may have felt that this sudden display of Roman confidence was intended to restore their spirits after days of responding to Carthaginian challenges. The Carthaginians began to be driven back, and as the pressure increased eventually they collapsed into rout. In the end the pressure grew too great, and the Punic horsemen fled back to their camp.22. This was the spirit linking Fabius and Marcellus, in spite of their radically different approaches to facing Hannibal, for neither man ever openly questioned the assumption that Rome would keep fighting or that she might not eventually win. His greatest military achievement was the defeat of Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC. When he advanced to camp near the enemy outside Ilipa – not far from modern-day Seville – the Roman general was faced with the problem of how to make use of the diverse troops at his command.21, As the Roman column began to construct its camp, Mago and Masinissa led the bulk of the Punic cavalry in an attack intended to disrupt and dismay the newly arrived enemy. As soon as the troops left their camp – or in the case of the Romans, whose camps were deliberately designed with space between the tent lines and wall, inside the camp – they were marshalled into a column. Once in Spain, Scipio began to gather more information about the enemy’s strength and dispositions. The catalogue of his achievements dwarfed those of any other senator, yet, although he had already held the office in 205, he was still technically too young to be consul. Scipio Africanus talent. He was the first to teach the art of laying out a camp. Die Scipionen waren ein mächtiges Geschlecht im Römischen Reich. Scipio did, however, receive a piece of information which was to prove vital. The Romans were through the main circuit of defences, but that did not mean that their victory was certain. Throughout this combat there was no serious fighting in the centre. With Hannibal still in Italy with a veteran army Scipio proposed an invasion of Africa to end the war. The Roman attacks were intended to draw the Carthaginians’ attention away from this vulnerable spot, and therefore needed to be delivered in full force, in spite of the high cost in casualties. A striking feature of many ancient sieges was the willingness of the defender to leave the security of his fortifications and fight in the open. Almost as soon as Scipio sounded the trumpet call which sent the main storming party into the attack, Mago ordered the armed civilians to sally out from the main gate, hoping to break up the impetus of the Roman assault before it had even reached the city wall. He was best known for defeating Hannibal of Carthage, a feat that earned him the agnomen Africanus, the nickname the Roman Hannibal and recognition as one of the finest commanders in military history. Scipio took this as the compliment it was intended to be and they parted ways as friends. Nearly all became capable officers, and many proved exceptionally gifted. Attitude, Giftedness, Life Is. Desc: Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus was a Roman general and later consul who is often regarded as one of the best military commanders and strategists of all time.His main achievements were during the Second Punic War. Polybius tells us that, Scipio took part in the battle, but consulted his safety as far as possible; for he had with him three men carrying large shields, who holding these close covered the surface exposed to the wall and thus afforded him protection. Okay in general. The panic spread to many of those watching from the top of the wall, and for a while it seemed that the Romans might break into the city, intermingled with the routers. Movie & TV guides Best Horror Movies Top 200 of … For a while the latter managed to hold their own, but gradually they were forced back. Following this was the unit which would take station to its left, and so on until the rear of the column was formed by the troops who would compose the extreme left of the line. When the booty was auctioned off – largely to the Roman traders and businessmen who accompanied any Roman field army, but possibly also to some locals – the profits were distributed to the entire army, each man receiving a share in proportion to his rank. This represented the bulk of the mercenaries in Spain, supported by many less disciplined and skilful contingents provided by Carthage’s allies and subjects. After some time, Scipio judged that his men were too weary to continue and called off the attacks, withdrawing the soldiers to their camp where they rested and reformed. One party raised their shields over their heads to form a testudo and advanced to the gate, men in the front rank bearing axes to chop through its timbers. After some time, all retired through the intervals between the units in their respective main lines and were sent to the wings. When Hasdrubal’s outposts came under attack from the Roman cavalry and light troops, the Carthaginians responded quickly. 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